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In doing research, it is always important to
acknowledge where you found your information. As you work on your project
or research paper, you should keep a record of the various sources that
you have consulted and take organized notes. NoodleBib will help you with notetaking and citing sources for your research.
The
following guide is another sources that is meant to help you organize and properly cite sources
that you use for middle school projects and research papers.
A Works
Consulted list should be located on a separate page at the end of your
paper or on a separate page accompanying a project. Sources should be
listed in alphabetical order by author (or title, if no author is given).
The second line of each entry should be indented, and punctuation should
be used as in the following examples.
Click
on the link to find information on citing the following types of sources:
Books
- Author
(last name first) If there is no author's name given, begin with
title.
- Title
(underlined)
- Place
of publication: Publisher, Copyright date
Examples:
(One
author)
DuTemple,
Lesley A. The Pantheon. Minneapolis: Lerner, 2000.
(More
than one author)
Drake,
Jane and Anne Love. The Kids Campfire Book. Buffalo, NY:
KIds Can Press, 1998.
(No
author's name given)
Webster's
Biographical Dictionary. Springfield: Merriam, 1991.
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Encyclopedias
(Book)
- Author
of article (last name first)
- Title
of article (in quotation marks)
- Title
of encyclopedia (underlined)
- Copyright
date
Examples:
(Author
given - often at the end of the article)
Bennett,
Albert F. "Snakes." World Book Encyclopedia. 1998.
(No
author given)
"Yugoslavia."
Children's Britannica. 1995.
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Encyclopedias
(CD-ROM)
- Author
of article (last name first) (If there is no author's name given,
begin citation with title of article.)
-
Title of article (in quotation marks)
-
Title of CD-ROM (underlined)
-
Type of product (CD-ROM)
-
City of publication: Publisher, Year of publication
Example:
"Canada,"
New Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. (CD-ROM). Danbury,
CT: Grolier Electronic
Publishing, 1997.
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Interviews
- Interviewee
(last name first)
- Personal
interview
- Day
month year of interview
Example:
Jordan,
Michael. Personal interview. 24 Apr. 2001.
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Letters
- Author
(last name first)
- Description
of letter
- Day
month year of letter
Example:
Blankin,
Wendy. Letter to Princess Diana of England. 7 Feb. 1994.
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Periodicals
(Magazines and Newspapers)
- Author
(last name first) (If there is no author's name given, begin citation
with title of article.)
- Title
of article (in quotation marks)
- Name
of magazine or newspaper (underlined)
- Day
month year of issue (Month year of issue for monthly magazine)
- Pages
Examples:
(author
given)
Gorman,
Christine. "How to Eat Smarter" Time 20 Oct .2003: 48-59.
(no
author given)
"Food
for Thought." National Wildlife Nov. 2000: 42-48.
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Media
Radio
and Television Programs
- Title
of program (underlined)
- Narrator
- Writer
and/or producer
- Film
company
- Network
- City
of network
- Date
of show
Example:
You
Are Wanted in the Principal's Office. Narr. Dr. Howard Chud.
Writ. and prod. Dr.
Christopher Dwyer. SMS
Special. WHYY,
Philadelphia. 17 Jan. 2001.
Video
- Title
(underlined)
- Media
type
- Director
- Additional
credits
- Publisher
- Date
- Length
of video
Example:
The
Life and Times of a Middle School Teacher. Videocassette. Dir.
Margaret Ehlinger. With Suzette
Wolf, School Films, 2001. 25
min.
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World
Wide Web
Citing
Internet sources can be tricky because there are many opinions on how
citations should be written. Also, because of the wide variety of information
on the web, it is sometimes difficult to know just what information
you need to include in your citation. An important point to remember:
Give as much information about your sources as necessary for the reader
to find them on the Internet.
Web
Site
- Author
(last name first) (If there is no author's name given, begin citation
with title of web site.)
- Title
of site (in quotation marks)
- Day
month year of posting
- Name
of institution
- Day
month year of access
- <URL>
Example:
Prescott-Decie,
Brian. "Worldwide Holiday & Festival Site." 9 May
2002. Prescott-Decie Services
s.a.r.l. 9 Oct. 2003. <http://www.HolidayFestival.com>.
Reference
Article on World Wide Web
Use
this format for sources such as World Book Online and the Grolier
encyclopedias.
- Author
(last name first) (If there is no author's name given, begin citation
with title of article.)
- Title
of Article (in quotation marks)
- Title
of Reference Work (underlined)
- Publication
Date
- Title
of the Database or Online Service (underlined)
- Day
month year of access
- <URL>
Examples:
Gordon,
Joel. "Iraq." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2004.
Scholastic Library Publishing.
15 Sept. 2004. <http://gme.grolier.com>.
McNally,
Karen C. "Earthquake." World Book Online Reference Center.
2004. World Book. 25 Oct. 2004.
<http://www.worldbookonline.com>.
Magazine
or Newspaper Article
Found in an Online Database
Use
this format to cite an article found on Infotrac, EBSCOhost,
or SIRS Discoverer.
- Author
(if given) (last name first)
- Title
of article (in quotation marks)
- Magazine
or newspaper title (underlined)
- Date
of publication
- Pages
- Title
of online database
- Day
month year of access
Cutlip,
Kimbra. "El Nino's Southern Connection." Weatherwise
May/June
2002: 11. EBSCOhost. 15 Apr. 2003.
"Food
for Thought." National Wildlife Nov. 2000: 42-48. Infotrac.
20
Oct. 2001.
Student
Resource Center--Reference Article
-
Author
(if given) (last name first)
-
Title
of article (in quotation marks)
-
Specific
Database on Student Resource Center
-
Date of access
-
Example
(no author given):
"Mercury
(element)." UXL Science on Student Resource Center. 20 Oct.
2002. <http://galenet.galegroup.com>.
Student
Resource Center--Periodical Article
-
Author
(if given) (last name first)
-
Title
of article (in quotation marks)
-
Original
source of article (underlined)
-
Date
of original source
-
Pages
-
Student
Resource Center
-
Day
month year of access
- URL
Example
(no author given):
"Your
Bike: 21 Pairs of Hands Touch Your New Bike Before You Do." Bicycling
July 2002: 25-32. Student Resource Center. 10 Oct. 2002.
<http://galenet.galegroup.com>.
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-
Article
title (in quotation marks)
-
Original
source of the article (underlined)
-
Date
of original source
-
Database
title (underlined)
-
Date
of access
-
URL
Example:
"Chile."
World Almanac Reference Database. Nov. 2003. Facts.com.
Facts on File News Service.
14 Nov. 2003.
<http://www.2facts.com>.
E-Mail
-
Author of e-mail message (last name first)
-
Subject
line of message (in quotation marks)
-
E-mail
to recipient's name
-
Date
of message
Example:
Hartwell,
Donna. "Mexican Artifacts." E-Mail to Sixth Grade Students.
17 May 2003.
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-
Artist
or photographer (if available) (last name first)
-
Description
or title of image (in quotation marks)
-
Date
of image (if available)
-
Online
image
-
Title
of larger site (underlined)
-
Date
of download
-
URL
of site
Example:
"Apollo
11 Moon Landing." 20 July 1969. Online image. AP Photo
Archive. 1 Sept. 2003. <http://accuweather.ap.org/cgi-
bin/aplaunch.pl>.
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-
Creator
(if available) (last name first)
-
Description
or title of image (in quotation marks)
-
Date
of sound (if available)
-
-
Title
of larger site (underlined)
-
-
Example:
Strauss,
Jr., Johann. "On the Beautiful Blue Danube." Online sound.
World Book Online. 8 Sept. 2003.
<http://worldbookonline.com>.
-
Artist
or photographer (if available)
-
Description
or title of video clip (in quotation marks)
-
Date
of clip (if available)
-
-
Title
of larger site (underlined)
-
-
Example:
"Solar
Eclipse." Online video clip. Solar Sysyem Movies. 10 Nov. 2003.
<http://ganesh.colorado.edu/nelson/sshome.html>.
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"Works
Consulted Guide" adapted from
Springfield
Township High School Language Arts Department and
Library. "School District of Springfield
Township Research Guide."
Erdenheim, PA: School District of Springfield
Township, 2000.
Valenza,
Joyce. "MLA Bibliographic Style--A Brief Guide." 16 Oct.
2001. School
District
of Springfield Township.
<http://mciunix.mciu.k12.pa.us/~spjvweb/mlamaster.html>
24
Oct. 2001.
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